"sprawa" meaning in Old Polish

See sprawa in All languages combined, or Wiktionary

Noun

IPA: /sprava/ (note: 10ᵗʰ–15ᵗʰ CE), /sprava/ (note: 15ᵗʰ CE)
Etymology: Deverbal from sprawić. First attested in the early 15th century. Etymology templates: {{deverbal|zlw-opl|sprawić}} Deverbal from sprawić, {{etydate/the|early 15th century}} the early 15th century, {{etydate|early 15th century}} First attested in the early 15th century Head templates: {{zlw-opl-noun|f}} sprawa f
  1. (attested in Masovia) administration Tags: feminine
    Sense id: en-sprawa-zlw-opl-noun-USr7bHYx Categories (other): Masovia Old Polish, Old Polish quotations with omitted translation
  2. justification Tags: feminine
    Sense id: en-sprawa-zlw-opl-noun-nEux5yfb Categories (other): Old Polish quotations with omitted translation
  3. agreement, understanding, deal Tags: feminine
    Sense id: en-sprawa-zlw-opl-noun-ioSQPyee Categories (other): Old Polish quotations with omitted translation
  4. action Tags: feminine
    Sense id: en-sprawa-zlw-opl-noun-vZOMaI9J Categories (other): Old Polish quotations with omitted translation
  5. appearance, look (way something looks; personal presence) Tags: feminine
    Sense id: en-sprawa-zlw-opl-noun-1OUU3V6b Categories (other): Old Polish quotations with omitted translation
  6. rectification Tags: feminine
    Sense id: en-sprawa-zlw-opl-noun-In8EEqXY Categories (other): Old Polish quotations with omitted translation
  7. law Tags: feminine
    Sense id: en-sprawa-zlw-opl-noun-jx90rfZY Categories (other): Old Polish quotations with omitted translation
  8. (attested in Lesser Poland) affair, issue (something which needs to be taken care of or resolved, or area of interest) Tags: feminine Synonyms: potrzebizna, rzecz
    Sense id: en-sprawa-zlw-opl-noun-tmXHxBJ6 Categories (other): Lesser Poland Old Polish, Old Polish quotations with omitted translation, Old Polish deverbals, Old Polish entries with incorrect language header Disambiguation of Old Polish deverbals: 10 6 7 6 7 6 6 52 Disambiguation of Old Polish entries with incorrect language header: 12 7 7 7 8 10 10 38
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Derived forms: do sprawy, sprawny, sprawować [imperfective]
Related terms: sprawujący, sprawnie, sprawca, sprawiacz, sprawianie, sprawiciel, sprawicz, sprawiedliwoć, sprawiedliwość, sprawiedlność, sprawienie, sprawność, sprawowanie, sprawić [perfective], sprawiać [imperfective]
{
  "derived": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "do sprawy"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "sprawny"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "tags": [
        "imperfective"
      ],
      "word": "sprawować"
    }
  ],
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "zlw-mas",
            "2": "sprawa"
          },
          "expansion": "Masurian: sprawa",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Masurian: sprawa"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "pl",
            "2": "sprawa"
          },
          "expansion": "Polish: sprawa\n→ Slovincian: sprawa",
          "name": "desctree"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Polish: sprawa\n→ Slovincian: sprawa"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "szl",
            "2": "sprawa"
          },
          "expansion": "Silesian: sprawa",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Silesian: sprawa"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "zlw-opl",
        "2": "sprawić"
      },
      "expansion": "Deverbal from sprawić",
      "name": "deverbal"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "early 15th century"
      },
      "expansion": "the early 15th century",
      "name": "etydate/the"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "early 15th century"
      },
      "expansion": "First attested in the early 15th century",
      "name": "etydate"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Deverbal from sprawić. First attested in the early 15th century.",
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "f"
      },
      "expansion": "sprawa f",
      "name": "zlw-opl-noun"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Old Polish",
  "lang_code": "zlw-opl",
  "pos": "noun",
  "related": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "sprawujący"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "sprawnie"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "sprawca"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "sprawiacz"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "sprawianie"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "sprawiciel"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "sprawicz"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "sprawiedliwoć"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "sprawiedliwość"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "sprawiedlność"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "sprawienie"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "sprawność"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "sprawowanie"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "tags": [
        "perfective"
      ],
      "word": "sprawić"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "tags": [
        "imperfective"
      ],
      "word": "sprawiać"
    }
  ],
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Masovia Old Polish",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Old Polish quotations with omitted translation",
          "parents": [
            "Quotations with omitted translation",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        }
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "ref": "1895 [1448–1450], Mikołaj Suled, edited by Franciszek Piekosiński, Tłumaczenia polskie statutów ziemskich, Kodeks Świętosławów, Warka, page 107:",
          "text": "Pakli w tey tho opyecze albo sprawye (in ipso regimine) dzyatek swogich... schkodna... nalezyona bi bila (sc. matka)..., ta tho opyeka... od ney ma bicz oddalyona",
          "type": "quote"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "administration"
      ],
      "id": "en-sprawa-zlw-opl-noun-USr7bHYx",
      "links": [
        [
          "administration",
          "administration"
        ]
      ],
      "qualifier": "attested in Masovia",
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(attested in Masovia) administration"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Old Polish quotations with omitted translation",
          "parents": [
            "Quotations with omitted translation",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        }
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "ref": "1868 [1439], Akta grodzkie i ziemskie z czasów Rzeczypospolitej Polskiej : z archiwum tak zwanego bernardyńskiego we Lwowie w skutek fundacyi śp. Alexandra hr. Stadnickiego, volume XII, page 71:",
          "text": "Iustificatio al. sprawa coram magnifico Iohanne, castellano Halicensi",
          "type": "quote"
        },
        {
          "ref": "1874-1891 [15th century], Rozprawy i Sprawozdania z Posiedzeń Wydziału Filologicznego Akademii Umiejętności, volume XXII, page 320:",
          "text": "Quod ceci pagani... sciunt dare rationem et aliqualem satisfaccionem spravą",
          "type": "quote"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "justification"
      ],
      "id": "en-sprawa-zlw-opl-noun-nEux5yfb",
      "links": [
        [
          "justification",
          "justification"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Old Polish quotations with omitted translation",
          "parents": [
            "Quotations with omitted translation",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        }
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "ref": "1910-2024 [1449], Rocznik Towarzystwa Heraldycznego we Lwowie, volume III, number 122:",
          "text": "Wenczeslao ius dedit ad concordiam vlg. na ssprawa",
          "type": "quote"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "agreement, understanding, deal"
      ],
      "id": "en-sprawa-zlw-opl-noun-ioSQPyee",
      "links": [
        [
          "agreement",
          "agreement"
        ],
        [
          "understanding",
          "understanding"
        ],
        [
          "deal",
          "deal"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Old Polish quotations with omitted translation",
          "parents": [
            "Quotations with omitted translation",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        }
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "ref": "1880-1894 [End of the fifteenth century], Sprawozdania Komisji Językowej Akademii Umiejętności, volume I, page 151:",
          "text": "Otho ya... przystapąya do czyala svyatego boga..., kthore szya *poczalu spravą dvcha svyatego",
          "type": "quote"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "action"
      ],
      "id": "en-sprawa-zlw-opl-noun-vZOMaI9J",
      "links": [
        [
          "action",
          "action"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Old Polish quotations with omitted translation",
          "parents": [
            "Quotations with omitted translation",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        }
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "ref": "1901 [1477], Materiały i Prace Komisji Językowej Akademii Umiejętności w Krakowie, volume II, page 324:",
          "text": "Sic et nos... videntes in sacramento disposicionem, sprava, panis, credamus esse carnem non mortuam sed viuam",
          "type": "quote"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "appearance, look (way something looks; personal presence)"
      ],
      "id": "en-sprawa-zlw-opl-noun-1OUU3V6b",
      "links": [
        [
          "appearance",
          "appearance"
        ],
        [
          "look",
          "look"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Old Polish quotations with omitted translation",
          "parents": [
            "Quotations with omitted translation",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        }
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "ref": "XV med., Elżbieta Belcarzowa, editor, Glosy i zapiski polskie z dwóch rękopisów, numbers 1490/11, 1945/1, Zakład Narodowy im. Ossolińskich we Lwowie, page 360:",
          "text": "Ad reparacionem, ku sprawye, ruine angelice",
          "type": "quote"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "rectification"
      ],
      "id": "en-sprawa-zlw-opl-noun-In8EEqXY",
      "links": [
        [
          "rectification",
          "rectification"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Old Polish quotations with omitted translation",
          "parents": [
            "Quotations with omitted translation",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        }
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "ref": "1930 [c. 1455], “Deut”, in Ludwik Bernacki, editor, Biblia królowej Zofii (Biblia szaroszpatacka), section 33,10:",
          "text": "Smowø twø zachowali, sødy twe, o Iakobye, a *sprawa twa (legem tuam), o Israel!",
          "type": "quote"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "law"
      ],
      "id": "en-sprawa-zlw-opl-noun-jx90rfZY",
      "links": [
        [
          "law",
          "law"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Lesser Poland Old Polish",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Old Polish quotations with omitted translation",
          "parents": [
            "Quotations with omitted translation",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "10 6 7 6 7 6 6 52",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Old Polish deverbals",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "12 7 7 7 8 10 10 38",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Old Polish entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "ref": "1936 [Fifteenth century], Stanisław Estreicher, editor, Najstarszy zbiór przywilejów i wilkierzy miasta Krakowa, Krakow, page 47:",
          "text": "Ich swere..., daz ich... meyn gewerbe, sprawy, was mir von den herren befoln wirt, getrewlich vnd recht werben wil",
          "type": "quote"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "affair, issue (something which needs to be taken care of or resolved, or area of interest)"
      ],
      "id": "en-sprawa-zlw-opl-noun-tmXHxBJ6",
      "links": [
        [
          "affair",
          "affair"
        ],
        [
          "issue",
          "issue"
        ]
      ],
      "qualifier": "attested in Lesser Poland",
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(attested in Lesser Poland) affair, issue (something which needs to be taken care of or resolved, or area of interest)"
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "word": "potrzebizna"
        },
        {
          "word": "rzecz"
        }
      ],
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/sprava/",
      "note": "10ᵗʰ–15ᵗʰ CE"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/sprava/",
      "note": "15ᵗʰ CE"
    }
  ],
  "word": "sprawa"
}
{
  "categories": [
    "Old Polish deverbals",
    "Old Polish entries with incorrect language header",
    "Old Polish feminine nouns",
    "Old Polish lemmas",
    "Old Polish nouns",
    "Old Polish terms with IPA pronunciation",
    "Pages with 6 entries"
  ],
  "derived": [
    {
      "word": "do sprawy"
    },
    {
      "word": "sprawny"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "imperfective"
      ],
      "word": "sprawować"
    }
  ],
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "zlw-mas",
            "2": "sprawa"
          },
          "expansion": "Masurian: sprawa",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Masurian: sprawa"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "pl",
            "2": "sprawa"
          },
          "expansion": "Polish: sprawa\n→ Slovincian: sprawa",
          "name": "desctree"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Polish: sprawa\n→ Slovincian: sprawa"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "szl",
            "2": "sprawa"
          },
          "expansion": "Silesian: sprawa",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Silesian: sprawa"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "zlw-opl",
        "2": "sprawić"
      },
      "expansion": "Deverbal from sprawić",
      "name": "deverbal"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "early 15th century"
      },
      "expansion": "the early 15th century",
      "name": "etydate/the"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "early 15th century"
      },
      "expansion": "First attested in the early 15th century",
      "name": "etydate"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Deverbal from sprawić. First attested in the early 15th century.",
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "f"
      },
      "expansion": "sprawa f",
      "name": "zlw-opl-noun"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Old Polish",
  "lang_code": "zlw-opl",
  "pos": "noun",
  "related": [
    {
      "word": "sprawujący"
    },
    {
      "word": "sprawnie"
    },
    {
      "word": "sprawca"
    },
    {
      "word": "sprawiacz"
    },
    {
      "word": "sprawianie"
    },
    {
      "word": "sprawiciel"
    },
    {
      "word": "sprawicz"
    },
    {
      "word": "sprawiedliwoć"
    },
    {
      "word": "sprawiedliwość"
    },
    {
      "word": "sprawiedlność"
    },
    {
      "word": "sprawienie"
    },
    {
      "word": "sprawność"
    },
    {
      "word": "sprawowanie"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "perfective"
      ],
      "word": "sprawić"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "imperfective"
      ],
      "word": "sprawiać"
    }
  ],
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "Masovia Old Polish",
        "Old Polish quotations with omitted translation",
        "Old Polish terms with quotations"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "ref": "1895 [1448–1450], Mikołaj Suled, edited by Franciszek Piekosiński, Tłumaczenia polskie statutów ziemskich, Kodeks Świętosławów, Warka, page 107:",
          "text": "Pakli w tey tho opyecze albo sprawye (in ipso regimine) dzyatek swogich... schkodna... nalezyona bi bila (sc. matka)..., ta tho opyeka... od ney ma bicz oddalyona",
          "type": "quote"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "administration"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "administration",
          "administration"
        ]
      ],
      "qualifier": "attested in Masovia",
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(attested in Masovia) administration"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "Old Polish quotations with omitted translation",
        "Old Polish terms with quotations"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "ref": "1868 [1439], Akta grodzkie i ziemskie z czasów Rzeczypospolitej Polskiej : z archiwum tak zwanego bernardyńskiego we Lwowie w skutek fundacyi śp. Alexandra hr. Stadnickiego, volume XII, page 71:",
          "text": "Iustificatio al. sprawa coram magnifico Iohanne, castellano Halicensi",
          "type": "quote"
        },
        {
          "ref": "1874-1891 [15th century], Rozprawy i Sprawozdania z Posiedzeń Wydziału Filologicznego Akademii Umiejętności, volume XXII, page 320:",
          "text": "Quod ceci pagani... sciunt dare rationem et aliqualem satisfaccionem spravą",
          "type": "quote"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "justification"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "justification",
          "justification"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "Old Polish quotations with omitted translation",
        "Old Polish terms with quotations"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "ref": "1910-2024 [1449], Rocznik Towarzystwa Heraldycznego we Lwowie, volume III, number 122:",
          "text": "Wenczeslao ius dedit ad concordiam vlg. na ssprawa",
          "type": "quote"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "agreement, understanding, deal"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "agreement",
          "agreement"
        ],
        [
          "understanding",
          "understanding"
        ],
        [
          "deal",
          "deal"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "Old Polish quotations with omitted translation",
        "Old Polish terms with quotations"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "ref": "1880-1894 [End of the fifteenth century], Sprawozdania Komisji Językowej Akademii Umiejętności, volume I, page 151:",
          "text": "Otho ya... przystapąya do czyala svyatego boga..., kthore szya *poczalu spravą dvcha svyatego",
          "type": "quote"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "action"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "action",
          "action"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "Old Polish quotations with omitted translation",
        "Old Polish terms with quotations"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "ref": "1901 [1477], Materiały i Prace Komisji Językowej Akademii Umiejętności w Krakowie, volume II, page 324:",
          "text": "Sic et nos... videntes in sacramento disposicionem, sprava, panis, credamus esse carnem non mortuam sed viuam",
          "type": "quote"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "appearance, look (way something looks; personal presence)"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "appearance",
          "appearance"
        ],
        [
          "look",
          "look"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "Old Polish quotations with omitted translation",
        "Old Polish terms with quotations"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "ref": "XV med., Elżbieta Belcarzowa, editor, Glosy i zapiski polskie z dwóch rękopisów, numbers 1490/11, 1945/1, Zakład Narodowy im. Ossolińskich we Lwowie, page 360:",
          "text": "Ad reparacionem, ku sprawye, ruine angelice",
          "type": "quote"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "rectification"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "rectification",
          "rectification"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "Old Polish quotations with omitted translation",
        "Old Polish terms with quotations"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "ref": "1930 [c. 1455], “Deut”, in Ludwik Bernacki, editor, Biblia królowej Zofii (Biblia szaroszpatacka), section 33,10:",
          "text": "Smowø twø zachowali, sødy twe, o Iakobye, a *sprawa twa (legem tuam), o Israel!",
          "type": "quote"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "law"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "law",
          "law"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "Lesser Poland Old Polish",
        "Old Polish quotations with omitted translation",
        "Old Polish terms with quotations"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "ref": "1936 [Fifteenth century], Stanisław Estreicher, editor, Najstarszy zbiór przywilejów i wilkierzy miasta Krakowa, Krakow, page 47:",
          "text": "Ich swere..., daz ich... meyn gewerbe, sprawy, was mir von den herren befoln wirt, getrewlich vnd recht werben wil",
          "type": "quote"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "affair, issue (something which needs to be taken care of or resolved, or area of interest)"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "affair",
          "affair"
        ],
        [
          "issue",
          "issue"
        ]
      ],
      "qualifier": "attested in Lesser Poland",
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(attested in Lesser Poland) affair, issue (something which needs to be taken care of or resolved, or area of interest)"
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "word": "potrzebizna"
        },
        {
          "word": "rzecz"
        }
      ],
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/sprava/",
      "note": "10ᵗʰ–15ᵗʰ CE"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/sprava/",
      "note": "15ᵗʰ CE"
    }
  ],
  "word": "sprawa"
}

Download raw JSONL data for sprawa meaning in Old Polish (6.5kB)


This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Old Polish dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-09-22 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-09-20 using wiktextract (af5c55c and 66545a6). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.